What is the function of sclerotia in fungi?

Sclerotia are specialized structures formed by certain fungi that serve primarily as a survival mechanism, allowing the organism to endure unfavorable environmental conditions. These compact masses of hardened mycelium can withstand periods of drought, cold, or other stresses. By entering a dormant state within sclerotia, fungi can persist in the soil or other substrates until conditions become conducive to growth and reproduction once again. This capability aids in their survival from season to season, making it a critical adaptation for maintaining fungal populations in variable environments.

While photosynthesis is not a function of sclerotia as fungi are not photosynthetic organisms, and rapid reproduction does not occur through these structures, which instead enhance survival, their role does not include protection specifically against extreme weather conditions but rather endurance through various stressors.