What is the main component that Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) targets in insects?

Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is a bacterium that is commonly used in pest control because of its effectiveness at targeting the digestive tract of insects. When insects consume BT, the bacterium produces proteins that are toxic to them. These proteins are specifically designed to interact with receptors in the gut lining of the insect, leading to the disruption of their digestive process. This results in the larvae acting lethargically, failing to feed, and ultimately dying as a consequence of their impaired ability to digest food.

The choice of the digestive tract as the main component targeted by BT is significant because it underscores the method by which this organism is able to control pest populations without harming other non-target organisms or the environment, illustrating an important principle of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The specificity of BT's action on the digestive system makes it a valuable tool for managing specific pest problems, particularly in agriculture.