What strategy does the biological method in IPM utilize?

The biological method in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) focuses on using beneficial organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens, to control pest populations naturally. This strategy harnesses the natural relationships within ecosystems, where certain organisms help regulate or suppress pest populations without the need for synthetic chemicals.

For example, introducing ladybugs can help control aphid populations, and parasitic wasps can target specific pest insects by laying their eggs inside them, ultimately reducing pest numbers. This approach aligns with IPM’s overarching goal of minimizing reliance on chemical pesticides, promoting a healthier environment, and maintaining ecological balance.

In contrast, applying synthetic pesticides directly targets pests but may have adverse environmental effects and lead to resistance. Mechanical barriers act to prevent pests from accessing certain areas but do not involve the biological interactions essential for sustained pest management. Increasing water and nutrient levels can enhance plant growth and might indirectly support pest resistance, but it does not focus on naturally controlling pest populations through biological methods.